马股投资学习资源库

The total value of a company as the stock market sees it. Calculated by multiplying the share price by the total number of shares. Example: if a company has 1 billion shares at RM2 each, its market cap is RM2 billion. Bigger market cap generally means a more established company.

PE (Price-to-Earnings) tells you how many years it would take for the company to earn back what you paid for the share, based on current profits. A PE of 10x means you are paying RM10 for every RM1 of earnings.

Forward PE uses estimated future earnings instead of past earnings. More useful because markets are forward-looking.

Earnings Per Share. The company total profit divided by the number of shares. If a company earns RM100 million and has 500 million shares, the EPS is 20 sen. Higher EPS means the company is more profitable per share. Watch out for diluted EPS, which accounts for warrants and bonds that could increase the share count.

How much cash a company pays you every year as a percentage of the share price. If a stock costs RM2 and pays 10 sen dividend per year, the yield is 5%. A higher yield is attractive, but check if it is sustainable. Very high yield sometimes means the share price dropped for a reason.

Profit After Tax. The bottom-line profit after all expenses, interest, and taxes. When people say a company made RM50 million in profit, this is what they mean. The clearest measure of what the company actually earned.

YoY (Year-on-Year): comparing this period to the same period last year. Removes seasonal effects.

QoQ (Quarter-on-Quarter): comparing this quarter to the previous quarter. Good for spotting short-term momentum trends.

When a stock price or volume moves sharply without an obvious reason, the exchange issues a UMA query asking the company to explain publicly. A UMA is sometimes a warning sign of speculation. Always check the company response before reacting.

The maximum a stock can move in one trading day. On Bursa Malaysia, a stock can move up or down by a maximum of 30% in one day. Hitting the upper limit is limit up. Hitting the lower limit is limit down.

The cut-off date to qualify for a dividend. Buy before the ex-date to receive it. Buy on or after, and you miss it. On the ex-date, the share price typically drops by roughly the dividend amount.

Not the same as a regular bank. An investment bank advises companies on major financial decisions like getting listed, buying or selling companies, or raising money. They do not take deposits. In Malaysia, examples include Maybank IB, CIMB, and RHB IB.

A non-binding agreement saying two parties intend to work together. Essentially a handshake on paper. Does not guarantee anything will happen. Many MOUs expire or fall through, so always wait for a definitive agreement before getting excited.

When a private company sells shares to the public for the first time and gets listed on the stock exchange. After listing, anyone can freely buy and sell the shares. IPOs are often oversubscribed, with allocation done by ballot.

A listed company offers existing shareholders new shares at a discount to raise money. As a shareholder you can: (1) subscribe at the discounted price, (2) sell your entitlement, or (3) do nothing and get diluted.

A listed company issues new shares directly to selected investors without a public offering. Faster than a rights issue but dilutes existing shareholders. Price is usually at a small discount to market price.

Free extra shares given to existing shareholders in proportion to their holdings. The share price adjusts down proportionally so the total value stays the same. Not free money, but improves liquidity by making the stock more affordable.